Kentucky Timeline
1790s
Ohio River Freezes Over
Severe winter freeze
The Ohio River froze over, with up to 9” of ice. Boats were encased in ice and unable to continue floating down river. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill pg. 123).
Dec 20, 1796 • Extreme Cold1810s
New Madrid Earthquakes
Three major earthquakes > 7.0 magnitude
Three earthquakes with a magnitude > 7.0 struck along the New Madrid fault in Western Kentucky between December 1811 and February 1812.
Dec 1811 – Feb 1812 • EarthquakeYear Without a Summer
Global cooling after Tambora eruption
The Tambora volcano in Indonesia erupted, decreasing temperatures worldwide. Kentuckians report an unusually cold summer with a prolonged haze in the sky. People reported snow and ice across the state during the summer months. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill).
1816 • Extreme Cold1830s
Bowling Green Cold Snap
Temperature drops to -18°F
Thermometers read as low as -18° F, as reported by John Younglove in Bowling Green. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill).
Feb 7, 1835 • Extreme ColdLexington Record Low
Extreme cold of -21°F
Extreme cold of -21° F measured at Transylvania University in Lexington. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill).
Feb 8, 1835 • Extreme Cold1850s
Ohio River Freezes Again
Bitter cold freezes river
An average monthly temperature of 18.33°F causes the Ohio River to freeze in Northern Kentucky. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill).
Jan 1855 • Extreme Cold1860s
Louisville Record Low
Extreme cold of -19.5°F
Extreme cold of -19.5° F measured in Louisville. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill).
Jan 1, 1864 • Extreme Cold1880s
1880 Jefferson County Tornado
F4 tornado kills 76
An F4 tornado hit Jefferson County, causing 76 deaths, 200 injuries, and $2,500,000 in damage. The tornado destroyed many homes and businesses in west Louisville.
Mar 27, 1880 • TornadoOhio River Valley Flooding
Major flooding impacts multiple cities
A storm that began on February 4, 1884, causes major flooding along the Ohio River Valley with impacts to Louisville, Paducah, Ashland, and Catlettsburg. Parts of Louisville remained underwater for most of February. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill pg. 73).
Feb 4, 1884 • Flood1890s
1890 Louisville Tornado
Deadliest tornado in Kentucky history
An F4 tornado touched down in Jefferson County and tracked through much of Louisville. Significant building damage across downtown Louisville. There were 76 fatalities, making this tornado the deadliest in Kentucky’s history. Four other tornadoes were recorded across Kentucky on this day.
Mar 27, 1890 • TornadoLexington Ice Storm
Winter storm damages communication lines
An ice storm hit Lexington, Kentucky, bringing down telephone, telegraph, and electric lines. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill pg. 65).
Dec 25, 1890 • Winter WeatherWarmest April on Record
Statewide temperature 5.6°F above normal
Warmest April in Kentucky’s history with a statewide average temperature of 62.0°F, 5.6°F above normal.
Apr 1896 • Extreme HeatDriest September on Record
Only 0.30” of rain statewide
Second driest September on record with a state average 0.30” of rainfall, 3.29” below-normal (only 8% of normal).
Sep 1897 • DroughtBrutal 1899 Cold Wave
Record lows and statewide disruption
Extreme cold temperatures across the Commonwealth with -30° F in Loretto and -33° F in Sandy Hook. All of February 1899 was extremely cold. Schools and businesses were closed for multiple days, and trains were unable to run for parts of the month. People kept fires burning at home to stay warm, but which resulted in a number of house fires, including the governor's mansion in Frankfort. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill).
Feb 11, 1899 • Extreme Cold1900s
Wettest November on Record
Statewide rainfall 233% of normal
Wettest November on record with a state average 8.25”, 4.71” above normal (233% of normal).
Nov-00 • High PrecipitationWarmest July on Record
Statewide average 81.2°F
Warmest July on record with a state average 81.2°F, 4.8°F above average.
1-Jul • Extreme HeatRecord Low Pressure in Lexington
28.94 inHg / 980.0 mb
A reading of 28.94 inches of mercury/980.0 millibars observed in Lexington, Kentucky, one of the lowest pressure systems recorded in the state. (Pressures corrected to sea level) (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill; NWS).
28-Feb-02 • Pressure RecordColdest April on Record
Statewide average 47.5°F
Coldest April in Kentucky history with a state average temperature of 47.5°F, a chilly 8.9°F below normal.
7-Apr • Extreme Cold1910s
Driest March on Record
Only 0.89” of rainfall
The driest March on record at 0.89”, only 19% (-3.79”) of normal.
10-Mar • DroughtThird Wettest January
302% of normal rainfall
The third wettest January on record at 11.29”, over 7.55” (302%) of normal.
13-Jan • High PrecipitationDriest April on Record
Only 1.00” of rainfall
Driest April on record with 1.00” of rainfall, -3.73” below normal (21% of average).
15-Apr • DroughtColdest Year on Record
Statewide average 52.6°F
The coldest year on record (1895–present) with a state average 52.6°F, a cool 3.7°F below normal.
1917 • Extreme ColdColdest May on Record
Average temperature 58°F
Kentucky’s coldest May on record with a state average 58°F, a cool 7.2°F below average.
17-May • Extreme ColdLarge Hail in Lexington
Hail up to 3.25 inches
An isolated thunderstorm went through Lexington and dropped hail 3.25 inches in diameter. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill pg. 84).
21-May-17 • Severe StormSecond Deadliest Tornado
F4 tornado kills 67
An F4 tornado caused 67 deaths and 345 injuries across Fulton, Hickman, and Graves Counties. The tornado originated in Tennessee but moved into southwest Kentucky, resulting in around $1,000,000 in damage. This tornado is the second-deadliest tornado in Kentucky’s history.
27-May-17 • TornadoThird Coldest Winter on Record
Ohio River freezes completely
Third coldest winter in state history (behind 1976–1977 and 1977–1978). The average snowfall across Kentucky in December 1917 was 17.3 inches. Temperatures were below 0°F in January 1918, and mixed with high winds for an enhanced wind chill. The extremely cold winter negatively affected Kentucky’s tobacco industry. The entire length of the Ohio River froze, halting water transportation and causing significant damage to many boats. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill).
Dec 1917 – Feb 1918 • Extreme ColdCoolest September on Record
Statewide average 62.0°F
Kentucky’s coolest September on record with a state average 62.0°F, 6.8°F below average.
18-Sep • Extreme ColdWettest Fall on Record (Tied)
16.95” total rainfall
Tied with 2018 as the wettest fall on record with 16.95”, 159% of normal (6.32” above-normal).
Sep – Nov 1919 • High PrecipitationWettest October on Record
7.78” rainfall (222% of normal)
Wettest October on record with a state average 7.78”, 4.28” above average (222% of normal).
19-Oct • High PrecipitationWarmest October on Record
Average temperature 64.5°F
Warmest October on record with a state average 64.5°F, 6.9°F above average.
19-Oct • Extreme Heat1920s
Second Warmest Year
Statewide average 58.7°F
Kentucky’s 2nd warmest year with a state average 58.7°F, 2.4°F above average.
1921 • Extreme Heat1925 F4 Tornado Outbreak
39 fatalities across 4 counties
An F4 tornado originating in Tennessee traveled north into Allen, Barren, Monroe, and Metcalfe Counties. With a path of 60 miles, the tornado damaged 150 homes and caused 39 fatalities.
18-Mar-25 • TornadoDriest August on Record
Only 1.48” of rainfall
Driest August on record with 1.48”, 3.62” below normal (41% of normal).
25-Aug • DroughtHottest September on Record
Average temperature 76.0°F
Kentucky’s hottest September on record with a state average 76.0°F, a warm 7.2°F above average.
25-Sep • Extreme HeatWettest August on Record
7.51” of rainfall
Wettest August on record with 7.51”, 3.89” above normal (207% of normal).
26-Aug • High PrecipitationCoolest August on Record (Tied)
Average temperature 70.0°F
Tied with August 1967 as Kentucky’s coolest August with a state average 70.0°F, 5.3°F below average.
27-Aug • Extreme ColdWettest June on Record
11.67” of rainfall statewide
Wettest June on record with 11.67”, 6.95” above normal (247% of normal).
28-Jun • High PrecipitationWettest Summer on Record
20.12” total rainfall
Wettest summer on record with a state average 20.12”, 152% of normal (6.92” above normal).
Jun – Aug 1928 • High Precipitation1930s
Driest Year on Record
29.0” of rain statewide
The driest year in state history with a state average 29.0”, 58% of normal and 21.36” below normal. The drought was accompanied by heat waves during the summer with significant agricultural losses. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill).
1930 • DroughtSecond Driest Spring
Only 6.74” rainfall
Second driest spring on record with 6.74”, 7.76” below-normal (46% of average).
Mar – May 1930 • DroughtDriest Summer on Record
5.54” total rainfall
Driest summer on record with a state average 5.54”, 7.66” below-normal (42% of normal).
Jun – Aug 1930 • DroughtDriest July on Record
Only 1.44” of rain
Driest July on record with 1.44”, 3.42” below normal (30% of normal).
30-Jul • DroughtRecord Heat in Greensburg
114°F recorded
Record high temperatures were recorded across the state, the highest of which was 114° F in Greensburg. Prolonged heat waves characterized the entire summer. Lovelaceville recorded 30 days with highs over 100° F. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill).
28-Jul-30 • Extreme HeatWarmest Fall on Record
Average temperature 62.6°F
Warmest fall on record with a state average 62.6°F, 5.1°F above average.
Sep – Nov 1931 • Extreme HeatWarmest November on Record
Average temperature 53.4°F
Kentucky’s warmest November on record with a state average 53.4°F, 7.2°F above average.
Nov-31 • Extreme HeatWarmest Winter on Record
Statewide average 44.2°F
Warmest winter on record with a state average 44.2°F, 7.3°F above average.
Dec 1931 – Feb 1932 • Extreme HeatLexington Flash Flood
Up to 7.5 inches of rain
Flooding rains in Richmond (6 inches) and Lexington (7.5 inches). The heavy rain caused 4 to 5 feet of water to rush through downtown Lexington. Six people drowned in their houses along Hickman Creek when the flooding swept away their homes. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill pg. 71).
2-Aug-32 • Flood1933 F4 Tornado Outbreak
36 deaths, 87 injuries
A short storm ended in an F4 tornado across Monroe, Cumberland, Adair, and Russell counties. Following the tornado, heavy rains continued through the night, flooding many roads. The storm caused over 100 casualties including 36 deaths and 87 injuries.
9-May-33 • TornadoDriest June on Record
Only 0.81” of rain
Driest June in state history with an average rainfall of 0.81”, only 17% of normal (3.91” below normal).
Jun-36 • DroughtHottest Summer on Record
Average 78.6°F statewide
Kentucky’s hottest summer on record with an average temperature of 78.6°F, a very hot 3.7°F above normal.
Jun – Aug 1936 • Extreme HeatSecond Driest Summer
Only 7.10” rainfall
Second driest summer on record with an average rainfall of 7.10”, only 54% of normal (6.10” below normal).
Jun – Aug 1936 • DroughtExtreme Heat and Drought
Hot and dry conditions, no A/C
The summer of 1936 was very hot (hottest on record) and very dry (2nd driest on record). The average temperature in Louisville from June to August was 81.0°F, 4.5°F above normal. The year started dry, and heat waves expanded over the summer. Drought accompanied the heat. Air conditioning units were not widely available yet, compounding the effects of the heat. (Sources: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill, NWS).
1936 • Extreme HeatSecond Wettest Winter
22.42” of precipitation
Second wettest winter on record with 22.42”, 186% of normal (10.39” above normal).
Dec 1936 – Feb 1937 • High PrecipitationThe Great Flood of 1937
Most destructive flood in state history
Kentucky’s wettest month on record, and among the top natural disasters to befall the Commonwealth. Known as the “The Great Flood of 1937”, the average state rainfall total for the moth was 15.16”, a record 11.42” above average. Some areas recorded over 22” for the month. The Ohio, Kentucky, Green, and Barren rivers all flooded. Large areas of Louisville, Frankfort, and Paducah were underwater. Over 90% of Paducah and 50% of Louisville was flooded, causing the evacuation of ~175,000 people. The Ohio River reached a crest of 85.4 feet on January 27, 1937, over 30 feet above flood stage. The flood caused an estimated 190 fatalities in Louisville, 435 fatalities region wide, and $5 billion in damage (2024 dollars).
Jan-37 • FloodBreathitt County Flash Flood
Wall of water up to 22 feet
About 12+ inches of precipitation fell in Breathitt County in southeastern Kentucky, causing severe flash flooding overnight. A wall of water estimated of up to 22 feet flowed through the valleys killing 79. (Source: NWS).
Jul 4 – Jul 5, 1939 • Flood1940s
Third Driest Year on Record
Only 34.49” of rainfall
Third driest year on record with a state average 34.49”, 68% of normal and 15.87” below normal.
1941 • DroughtDriest Spring on Record
Only 5.92” of rainfall
Driest spring on record with a state average of only 5.92” of rain, 8.58” below normal (41% of normal).
Mar – May 1941 • DroughtDriest May on Record
1.15” statewide average
Driest May on record with a state average of only 1.15”, 3.94” below normal (23% of normal).
May-41 • DroughtOhio River Floods Louisville
50,000 evacuated
The Ohio River flooded at Louisville after four waves of heavy precipitation fell over a three week period. Although the Ohio River did not flood as high as during the Great Flood of 1937, the flood still caused around $2,600,000 in damage and the evacuation of 50,000 people.
Mar-45 • FloodDriest February on Record
Average of 0.65” statewide
Kentucky’s driest February on record. The state recorded an average 0.65”, only 17% (-3.21”) of normal.
Feb-47 • DroughtColdest July on Record
Average temperature 71.4°F
Kentucky’s coldest July on record with a state average 71.4°F, 5.0°F below average.
Jul-47 • Extreme Cold1950s
Wettest Winter on Record
23.47” total precipitation
Wettest winter on record in Kentucky with a state average 23.47”, 195% of normal (11.44” above normal).
Dec 1949 – Feb 1950 • High PrecipitationSecond Wettest January
12.61” statewide average
The second wettest January on record with a state average rainfall of 12.61”, a full 8.87” above average.
Jan-50 • High PrecipitationWarmest January on Record
Average temperature 43.9°F
The state’s warmest January with a state average 43.9°F, a whopping 9.5°F above normal.
Jan-50 • Extreme HeatSevere 1951 Ice Storm
Ice followed by subzero temperatures
A high-pressure system pulled polar air south, while a low-pressure system from the Gulf of Mexico moved north. These systems combined for an impactful ice storm that covered the region. Temperatures dropped below 0°F after all the snow and ice fell, causing additional problems across the state.(Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill pg. 66).
Winter 1951 • Winter WeatherBowling Green Cold Snap
-20°F with heavy snow
Temperature dropped to -20°F in Bowling Green, with 9 inches of snow on the ground. At least two storm-related deaths in Kentucky due to the snowstorm and cold. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill pg. 68).
2-Feb-51 • Extreme ColdStatewide Drought
36-day dry spell in Louisville
Severe, statewide drought across central and western Kentucky. Louisville had 36 consecutive days with no measurable rainfall during the fall of 1952. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill pg. 106).
1952 • DroughtWarmest June on Record
Statewide average 78.4°F
Kentucky’s warmest June on record with a state average 78.4°F, 5.4°F above average.
Jun-52 • Extreme HeatBoyle County Hailstorm
$810,000 in damage
A hailstorm caused $810,000 in damage in Boyle County. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill pg. 87).
1-Aug-52 • HailDriest Fall on Record
Only 3.48” of rainfall
Driest fall on record with a state average 3.48”, only 33% of normal (7.15” below normal).
Sep – Nov 1953 • DroughtExtreme 1954 Drought
Severe and extreme drought all year
Kentucky experienced extreme drought conditions from January to September and severe conditions from October to December of 1954.
1954 • DroughtColdest June on Record
Statewide average 67.5°F
Kentucky’s coldest June on record with a state average 67.5°F, 5.5°F below average.
Jun-55 • Extreme ColdEastern Kentucky Flooding
Major flooding and mudslides
Over 6” of rain fell in just a few days across eastern Kentucky. The Big Sandy, Cumberland, and Kentucky Rivers all flooded. Major roads were blocked due to mudslides and water, causing many people to be stranded. There were nine fatalities. (Source: NWS).
Jan – Feb 1957 • FloodSecond Coldest Year
Average temperature 53.0°F
Kentucky’s second coldest year with a state average 53.0°F, 3.7°F below average.
1958 • Extreme Cold1960s
Coldest March on Record
Average temperature 30.7°F
Coldest March in state history with an average temperature of 30.7°F, a cold 15.7°F below normal.
Mar-60 • Extreme ColdColdest Spring on Record
Average temperature 50.1°F
The coldest spring in state history with an average temperature of 50.1°F, a very cold 5.9°F below average.
Mar – May 1960 • Extreme ColdBowling Green Snowstorm
27 inches of snow
In Bowling Green, 27 inches of snow fell. During March, Bowling Green also saw average temperatures 15.8°F less than normal. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill; WKU).
Mar 7–10, 1960 • Winter WeatherRecord Snow in Benham
46.5” in March, 108.2” for season
The monthly snowfall record was set in Benham, Kentucky, in Letcher County, where 46.5 inches of snow accumulated in March. Benham reported 108.2 inches over the entire 1959 to 1960 winter season. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill pg. 63).
Mar-60 • Winter WeatherRainfall Record in Muhlenberg County
10.40” in one day
A total 10.40 inches of rain was recorded in Muhlenberg County, setting a new record for Kentucky for most rainfall in a calendar day. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill).
28-Jun-60 • High PrecipitationSecond Driest Year
34.12” statewide average
Second driest year on record with a state average 34.12”, 68% of normal and 16.24” below normal.
1963 • DroughtTemperature Plunge Record
82°F drop in Bradfordville
A Kentucky record for plunging temperatures occurred across the state. Highs were around 50° F across the state on 1/23/1963 when an arctic mass moved in overnight and dropped temperatures well below 0° F. The largest drop was recorded in Bradfordville, where the temperature went from 52° F to -30° F – an 82° F plunge. This arctic front also set new records across the state for low temperatures. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill).
Jan 23–24, 1963 • Extreme ColdEastern Kentucky Flood
26 dead, 30,000 evacuated
Floods covered a wide area of eastern Kentucky, with 26 fatalities, 30,000 evacuated, and $98M in damages.
Mar 11–13, 1963 • FloodDriest October on Record
0.14” statewide average
Driest October on record with an average 0.14” statewide, only 4% of normal (3.36” below normal).
Oct-63 • DroughtDriest December on Record
0.66” statewide average
Driest December on record with an average 0.66” statewide, only 15% of normal (3.77” below normal).
Dec-65 • DroughtColdest Summer on Record
Statewide average 71.2°F
Kentucky’s coldest summer with a state average 71.2°F, a cool 3.7°F below average.
Jun – Aug 1967 • Extreme ColdCoolest August on Record (Tied)
Average temperature 70.0°F
Tied with August 1927 as Kentucky’s coolest August with a state average 70.0°F, 5.3°F below average.
Aug-67 • Extreme ColdNorthern Kentucky Tornado
F4 causes major damage
An F4 tornado hit northern Kentucky across Pendelton, Bracken, and Mason Counties. The tornado did extensive damage in Falmouth, Kentucky, and damaged 115 of the 127 homes in Dover, Kentucky. Five people were killed in Kentucky before the tornado moved into Ohio.
23-Apr-68 • TornadoScottsville Rainfall Record
9.68” in 12 hours
Very heavy rainfall set a new record in Kentucky at the time for the amount of rainfall observed in 12 hours: 9.68 inches in Scottsville (Allen County). The amount of rainfall caused a local creek to flood, which consequently killed three people and damaged many homes. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill).
23-Jun-69 • High Precipitation1970s
Super Outbreak Tornadoes
15 tornadoes in KY, including state’s only F5
During “The Super Outbreak” 148 tornadoes were reported in 48 hours across 13 states, including Kentucky. The state’s only F5 tornado had wind speeds up to 225 miles per hour and destroyed downtown Brandenburg in Meade County, killing 31. An F4 tornado hit Louisville, killing 3 and injuring 200 more. A total of 15 tornadoes touched down across Kentucky, ranging from F1 to F5. (Sources: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill pg. 98; NWS)
3-Apr-74 • TornadoThird Coldest Year
Statewide average 53.3°F
Kentucky’s 3rd coldest year with a state average of 53.3°F, 3.0°F below average.
1976 • Extreme ColdCoolest Fall on Record
Average temperature 50.8°F
Coolest fall on record with a state average 50.8°F, 6.7°F below average.
Sep – Nov 1976 • Extreme ColdDriest and Coldest November
0.85” of rain and 37.5°F average
Driest November on record with a state average 0.85”, only 24% of normal (2.69” below normal). Also the coldest November on record with a state average 37.5°F, 8.7°F below average.
Nov-76 • Extreme Cold, DroughtSecond Coldest and Driest Winter
Only 5.09” of rain, avg temp 27.8°F
Driest winter on record with a state average 5.09”, only 42% of normal (6.94” below normal). Kentucky’s second coldest winter with a state average 27.8°F, a full 9.1°F below average. A very brutal winter, similar to the characteristics of the winter of 1917 to 1918. The average temperature of the winter of 1976 to 1977 was 28.8° F. January 1977 set a new record at the time for the coldest month in Kentucky history with an average temperature of 18.4° F. The beginning of the 1970s had mild winters, but this was the first winter of three that had extreme winter conditions. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill)
Dec 1976 – Feb 1977 • Extreme Cold, DroughtColdest January on Record
Average temperature 17.7°F
Kentucky’s coldest January on record with an average 17.7°F, an incredible 16.7°F below normal.
Jan-77 • Extreme ColdColdest Winter on Record
Average temperature 26.5°F
Kentucky’s coldest winter with a state average of 26.5°F, over 10.4°F below average. The beginning of the winter through January was colder than average, but new records were set when, in February, the average temperature was 13.5° F below normal. The widespread cold caused a very high demand for energy but which was in short supply. The fuel shortage was exacerbated by ice on the Ohio River which caused disruptions to the transportation of heating fuel oil, road salt, and coal. The cold also caused many power outages and broken water lines. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill)
Dec 1977 – Feb 1978 • Extreme ColdFourth Coldest Year (Tied)
Average 53.4°F
Tied with 1979 as Kentucky’s 4th coldest year with a state average 53.4°F, 2.9°F below average.
1978 • Extreme ColdRecord Snowfall in LaGrange
31 inches of snow
LaGrange in Oldham County reported 31 inches of snow, a record snowfall depth. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill).
20-Jan-78 • Winter WeatherColdest February on Record
Average temperature 23.2°F
Kentucky’s coldest February on record with a state average of 23.2°F, 15.0°F below normal.
Feb-78 • Extreme ColdCentral Kentucky Flooding
Record flooding in several towns
About 8” of rain fell across central Kentucky, flooding the Licking and Kentucky Rivers. Frankfort, Shepherdsville, Boston, and Munfordville saw record flooding. The state capital flooded and large evacuations were ordered in Paintsville.
Dec 7–8, 1978 • FloodFourth Coldest Year (Tied)
Average 53.4°F
Tied with 1978 as Kentucky’s 4th coldest year with a state average 53.4°F, 2.9°F below average.
1979 • Extreme ColdSummer Tropical Storms
Three storms impacted KY
Kentucky was hit by three tropical storms in summer 1979: Hurricane Bob (mid-July), Hurricane David (late August/early September), and Hurricane Frederic (mid-September).
1979 • Tropical Storm1980s
Sharpsburg Earthquake
Strongest quake in Kentucky history
A magnitude 5.2 earthquake hit Bath County. The Sharpsburg Earthquake was the strongest in Kentucky’s history and caused an estimated $3 million in damage in Maysville, Kentucky.
27-Jul-80 • EarthquakeDriest January on Record
Only 0.87” of rain statewide
Driest January on record with a state average 0.87”, only 23% (-2.87”) of normal.
Jan-81 • DroughtHighest Pressure on Record
30.99 inHg in Louisville
Highest pressure recorded at an official weather station in Kentucky. The observed pressure in Louisville was 30.99 inches of mercury (1,049.4 millibars). (Pressures corrected to sea level).
12-Feb-81 • Pressure RecordWettest May on Record
9.92” statewide average
Wettest May on record with a state average 9.92”, 4.83” above normal (195% of normal).
May-83 • High PrecipitationSpring Snowstorm and Flooding
28” of snow and flash floods
From April 3 to April 5, 1987, up to 28 inches of snow fell across Kentucky. High winds created snow drifts up to 10 feet tall, as reported in Letcher County. Rapid warming caused the snow to melt very quickly, which resulted in flash flooding in Letcher County and Pike County. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill pg. 63)
Apr, 1987 • Winter Weather1988 Extreme Drought
PDSI dropped to -3 to -4
The 6th driest March – August on record (9.00” below normal, 68% of normal), the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) dropped to -3 to -4, indicating an extreme drought across Kentucky. Upper-air circulation blocking patterns created dry conditions beginning in the spring of 1988. Waves of high pressure and a lack of low-pressure systems from the Gulf of Mexico created such dry conditions that rivers, even the Mississippi River, dried up, and residents had water use restrictions. Agriculture took significant losses, and prices of products rose. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill pg. 107)
1988 • DroughtColdest October on Record
Statewide average 50.0°F
Kentucky’s coldest October on record with a state average 50.0°F, 7.6°F below average.
Oct-88 • Extreme ColdWettest February on Record
9.85” of rain statewide
The wettest February for the state on record with 9.85” for the month, over 255% (5.99”) above normal.
Feb-89 • High PrecipitationColdest December on Record
Average temperature 24.9°F
The coldest December on record with a state average 24.9°F, a chilling 13.2°F below average.
Dec-89 • Extreme Cold1990s
Wettest December on Record
10.67” statewide average
Wettest December on record with a state average 10.67”, 241% of normal (4.43” above normal).
Dec-90 • High PrecipitationStorm of the Century Blizzard
Up to 30” of snow and 5 deaths
As part of 1993’s “Storm of the Century”, a blizzard covered eastern and southeastern Kentucky with up to 30 inches of snow. The blizzard shut down Interstate 75, and high winds created 8-to-10-foot snow drifts. Five deaths in Kentucky were attributed to the blizzard.
14-Mar-93 • Winter WeatherSevere Cold and Snowstorm
New state cold record: -37°F
One of the most severe extreme cold events in Kentucky’s weather history. A blizzard coated the ground with about an inch of ice, followed by 6 inches up to a maximum of 26 inches in Mason County. The snowstorm caused all state, interstate, and federal highways to close for a couple of days. An arctic front followed the blizzard and brought record cold temperatures, measuring as low as -37° F in Shelbyville – a new Kentucky cold weather record at the time.
Jan-94 • Extreme ColdLouisville Flash Flood
10.48” in 24 hours; 21 deaths statewide
The second highest state rainfall observed during any 24-hour period was recorded in Louisville at 10.48” between February 28 and March 1, 1977. The flooding from the rain caused 21 deaths across Kentucky. Over 100 counties were declared federal disaster areas. The rains caused over $200M in damages in Louisville and $400M in damages regionwide.
1-Mar-97 • FloodWettest March on Record
11.11” statewide average
The wettest March on record for Kentucky with a state average of 11.11”, 6.43” (237%) above normal.
Mar-97 • High PrecipitationRecord Snowstorm in Louisville
22.4” snowfall record
A slow-moving storm system dropped up to 25 inches of snow across northern Kentucky. Louisville broke its record for most snowfall from a single storm at 22.4 inches.
Feb 3–6, 1998 • Winter WeatherSevere Supercell Storm
2 deaths, $500M in damages
A supercell thunderstorm moved across south-central Kentucky with significant hail, tornadoes, and high winds. There were two fatalities in Glasgow, and more than $500 million in damages. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill pg. 87)
16-Apr-98 • Severe Storm1999 Drought Emergency
Driest Jul–Sep period in history
Consistent high-pressure systems across the Midwest led to a severe drought in Kentucky during mid- to late summer 1999. Only 2.01 inches of rain were recorded in Louisville from July to September 1999, and which coincided with the driest such period in state history with a state average of only 5.43”, only 45% of normal and 6.64” below normal. A state of emergency was declared. Ninety-six counties were under a water shortage warning, with the remainder on a water shortage watch. Many people across the state had to practice mandatory water conservation. (Source: Kentucky Weather by Jerry Hill pg. 109)
1999 • Drought2000s
Western Kentucky Earthquake
Magnitude 4.0 in Carlisle County
A magnitude 4.0 earthquake struck in western Kentucky around Carlisle County.
6-Jun-03 • EarthquakeApril Freeze After Early Spring
$130M in agricultural losses
An early spring brought warmer temperatures across Kentucky in March, but an arctic front moved into the area at the beginning of April. Crops had begun growing due to the warm temperatures, but the cold front caused about $130 million in early season agricultural losses.
7-Apr • Extreme ColdWarmest August on Record
Statewide average 80.9°F
Kentucky’s warmest August on record with a state average 80.9°F, a sizzling 5.6°F above average.
7-Aug • Extreme Heat2007 Drought Emergency
Extreme drought and federal disaster declared
A federal disaster was declared in Kentucky for harsh drought conditions. The United States Drought Monitor rated Kentucky in extreme drought conditions for much of August. The agriculture industry had major losses as the dry conditions continued into the fall months.
7-Aug • DroughtHurricane Ike Remnants
Widespread wind damage and blackouts
The remnants of Hurricane Ike brought high winds and storms to Kentucky. Louisville, Kentucky, experienced the largest blackout in 30 years, shutting down the Louisville International Airport. A state of emergency was declared, and falling limbs caused four fatalities.
14-Sep-08 • Severe Storm2009 Ice and Snowstorm
Record-breaking power outage
An ice and snowstorm caused 609,000 homes and businesses to lose power, setting the record for the largest power outage in Kentucky history.
Jan 26–28, 2009 • Winter Weather2010s
Central KY Flooding
10.14” rain in 2 days; 5 deaths
Heavy rain across central Kentucky caused area rivers and streams to flood. Multiple cities, including Bowling Green, set a record at that time for the most amount of rainfall in a two-day period at 10.14 inches. The torrential rain caused about $30M in damage and took the lives of five Kentuckians.
May 1–2, 2010 • FloodWettest Year on Record
64.35” statewide average
Kentucky’s wettest year on record with a state average 64.35”, 128% of normal (13.99” above normal).
2011 • High PrecipitationWettest Spring on Record
24.33” statewide average
Wettest spring in state history with an average 24.33”, a full 9.83” above normal (168% of normal).
Mar – May 2011 • High PrecipitationWettest April on Record
12.07” statewide average
Wettest April on record with 12.07”, 7.34” (255%) above normal.
11-Apr • High PrecipitationWarmest March on Record
Average 58.0°F
Warmest March on record with a state average temperature of 58.0°F, 11.6°F above normal.
12-Mar • Extreme HeatWarmest Spring on Record
Average 61.6°F
Kentucky’s warmest spring on record with a statewide average temperature of 61.6°F, 5.6°F above average.
Mar – May 2012 • Extreme HeatThird Warmest Year
Statewide average 58.4°F
Kentucky’s 3rd warmest year on record with a state average of 58.4°F, 2.1°F above average.
2012 • Extreme HeatHeat Waves and Drought
Multiple days over 100°F
From January to August 2012, Kentucky set many heat records across Kentucky. Many days over 100°F were recorded across the state, and some regions of Kentucky experienced drought conditions during the summer months.
Jan – Aug 2012 • Extreme HeatTornado Outbreak
19 tornadoes; 20+ dead
Among the largest tornado outbreaks to hit Kentucky. There were 19 tornadoes observed across at least 27 counties. An EF-3 tornado hit Magoffin County and stayed on the ground for 49 miles. There was a total of more than 20 deaths and 200 injuries across Kentucky, and more than $150 million in damage.
2-Mar-12 • TornadoSoutheastern KY Earthquake
Magnitude 4.2 in Perry and Letcher Counties
A magnitude 4.2 earthquake struck southeastern Kentucky, affecting Perry and Letcher Counties.
10-Nov-12 • EarthquakeLexington Snowstorm
10.2” snow; daily record
A snowstorm set records in Lexington and central Kentucky. Lexington received 10.2 inches of snow, setting a new daily snowfall record. Much of central Kentucky received a foot or more of snow.
Feb 15–16, 2015 • Winter WeatherLouisville Snowstorm
11.9” in Louisville; 25” south of city
A second snowstorm came over Kentucky only two weeks after the February 15th and 16th snowstorm. The Louisville airport weather station measured 11.9 inches of snow, making this storm the fourth largest in Louisville’s history, but areas south of Louisville received up to 25 inches of snow. Interstate 65 was closed down after more than 200 semi-trucks became stuck. The National Guard came to bring supplies and rescue drivers. The snowstorm was followed by extremely cold temperatures as low as -8°F in Hardin County.
4-Mar-15 • Winter WeatherWettest July on Record
9.37” statewide average
Wettest July on record with a state average 9.37”, 193% of normal (4.51” above normal).
15-Jul • High PrecipitationEastern KY Flash Floods
2 dead; 200 homes damaged
Flash flooding in eastern Kentucky, specifically Johnson and Rowan Counties, causes the governor to declare a state of emergency. The rainfall rate was around 6-7” per hour, according to radar estimates. The flash flooding took at least two lives and damaged around 200 homes across Johnson and Rowan Counties.
Jul 13–14, 2015 • FloodWarmest December on Record
Average temperature 48.7°F
Kentucky’s warmest December on record with a state average of 48.7°F, 10.6°F above normal.
15-Dec • Extreme HeatWarmest February on Record
Average temperature 46.2°F
Kentucky’s warmest February on record with a state average of 46.2°F, 8°F above normal.
17-Feb • Extreme HeatWarmest May on Record
Average temperature 71.8°F
Kentucky’s warmest May on record with a state average of 71.8°F, 6.6°F above average.
18-May • Extreme HeatWettest Fall (Tied)
16.95” total rainfall
Tied with 1919 as the wettest fall on record with 16.95” of rain, 159% of normal (6.32” above normal).
Sep – Nov 2018 • High PrecipitationDriest September on Record
Only 0.22” rainfall
Driest September on record with only 0.22” of rain, 3.37” below normal (just 6% of normal).
19-Sep • DroughtFlash Drought in Kentucky
Lexington recorded 0” in September
A flash drought hit Kentucky. Lexington had 0” precipitation in September 2019, the first calendar month in its history to record no rain. Louisville also experienced a very dry month of September, with only 0.04” of precipitation.
Sep – Oct 2019 • Drought2020s
Eastern KY Ice Storms
4 deaths, 150,000+ without power
Two ice storms struck eastern Kentucky, prompting a State of Emergency. The storms caused 4 fatalities, widespread power outages, and damage from fallen trees, frozen water systems, landslides, and mudslides.
Feb 10–16, 2021 • Winter WeatherHistoric Tornado Outbreak
80 fatalities; record 120.1 mph gust
One of Kentucky’s most severe tornadic outbreaks, responsible for 4 out of the top 5 deadliest tornadoes in the state’s history. One tornado was an EF-4 that began in Tennessee and tracked 165.7 miles across Kentucky. The city of Mayfield in Graves County was left in ruins. An EF-3 tornado touched down in Warren County and tracked through Bowling Green, narrowly missing Western Kentucky University’s campus. The estimated peak winds of this EF-3 were 165 mph, and the tornado track was just under 30 miles. Multiple smaller tornadoes touched down across Kentucky with a total death toll of 80 people. A wind gust associated with the EF-4 tornado set a new state record of 120.1 mph observed at the Mesonet station in Caldwell County.
Dec 10–11, 2021 • TornadoEastern Kentucky Flooding
43 deaths; 14–16” rainfall
A series of training storms over a five-day period led to 14” to 16” of rainfall across eastern Kentucky. The storms measured rainfall rates of over 4” per hour, and coupled with the mountainous terrain of Eastern Kentucky, led to deadly flash flooding. Some areas received up to 8” within 24 hours. The flooding caused 43 deaths, and wiped away many homes, highways, and infrastructure for a number of communities.
Jul 26–30, 2022 • FloodWidespread Windstorm
4 deaths; 80 mph winds
Straight-line winds associated with a high-pressure system blew across nearly all of Kentucky with up to 80 mph winds. The storm killed four people, and more than half a million people lost power due to downed power lines. The President declared a major emergency in the region, as the windstorm was Kentucky's fourth billion-dollar disaster since the February 2021 ice storm. Several new low-pressure records were set across the state.
3-Mar-23 • Severe StormWestern KY Flood and Rain Record
New 24-hr rainfall record: 11.28”
Far western Kentucky saw 6-12 inches of precipitation, which caused large amounts of flooding. No fatalities were recorded from the storms, but major infrastructure damage was incurred with many homes, businesses, and roads flooded. A new state 24-hour rainfall record was set at the Mayfield Kentucky Mesonet station with 11.28” of rainfall.
19-Jul-23 • FloodHottest Year on Record
State average 58.8°F
The hottest year on record with a state average 58.8°F, 2.5°F above average. 2024 was in the top five hottest years for 119 out of 120 Kentucky Counties. More than half of the 120 counties experienced their hottest year ever. The high average temperatures are attributed to a warm winter and warmer overnight temperatures throughout 2024.
2024 • Extreme HeatRemnants of Hurricane Helene
15% of homes lost power
Hurricane Helene made landfall in Florida as a Category 4 and tracked north to Kentucky the following day. The remnants caused power outages in about 15% of Kentucky households, especially in Eastern Kentucky. Many counties and cities in Eastern Kentucky declared a state of emergency. Wind gusts reached over 60 miles per hour, and over five inches of rain fell. Kentucky was in a slight drought, but Hurricane Helene brought precipitation which alleviated the dry conditions.
27-Sep-24 • Tropical StormSecond Driest October
Only 0.20” statewide average
October 2024 was the second driest in state history, averaging just 0.20” of rainfall—only 6% of normal.
24-Oct • DroughtStatewide Flooding
10 deaths; 1,000 rescues
A major statewide flood occurred across much of Kentucky with 48-hour precipitation totals of 2 to 6+ inches recorded across the entire state. Twelve river gauge sites recorded top five crests with the event. Across the Commonwealth the rains were responsible for ten fatalities, over 1,000 water rescues, and 40,000+ customers without power. Disaster declarations were issued for 18 counties. The National Weather Service issued 30 flood warnings, 47 flash flood warnings, 11 severe thunderstorm warnings, and two tornado warnings.
Feb 14–16, 2025 • FloodSecond 2025 Flood + Tornadoes
EF-3 hits Louisville
The second major statewide flood event of 2025 occurred with 5-day rainfall totals of 5 to 15+ inches over all but southeastern Kentucky. Marshall County measured 15.86 inches over the five-day period, and areas in Central Kentucky averaged 10 to 13 inches of precipitation. At least five river gauge sites along the Kentucky and Green rivers recorded top three crests. The floods were responsible for seven fatalities, major infrastructure damage, and over 500 road closures including several major interstates. Disaster declarations were issued for 13 counties. Six tornadoes touched down across the state, ranging from EF-1 to an EF-3 in Louisville.
Mar 30 – Apr 6, 2025 • Flood, Tornado
© 2025 Copyright Kentucky Climate Center
Back To Top